Tournament Guide (Internet article
adapted by Rob)
This is a brief introductory guide to
tournaments for beginners, spectators and parents.
Start of a Contest
Prior to a contest (shiai) one contestant is assigned
a blue or red sash to wear in addition to their obi
(belt) and/or they will be asked to wear a blue Judogi.
After the contestants have bowed and stepped forward,
the referee announces hajime (begin) to start the contest.
Scoring a Contest
Scores
- Ippon (full point)
- Waza-ari (almost ippon, half point)
- Yuko (almost waza-ari)
- Koka (almost yuko)
Penalties
- Hansoku-make (very serious violation, Ippon to the
opponent)
- Keikoku (serious violation, Waza-Ari to the opponent)
- Chui (violation, Yuko to the opponent)
- Shido (minor violation, Koka to the opponent)
Objective
In Judo competition the objective is to score an Ippon
(one full point). Once such a score is obtained the
competition ends. An Ippon can be scored by one of the
following methods:
- Executing a skilful throwing technique which results
in one contestant being thrown largely on the back
with considerable force, speed, and control.
- Maintaining a hold down for 25 seconds (For Under
10s, the time is reduced to 20 seconds).
- One contestant cannot continue and gives up.
- One contestant is disqualified for violating the
rules (Hansoku-Make).
- Applying an effective armbar or an effective stranglehold
(this does not usually apply for children).
- Earning two Waza-Ari (half point). A Waza-Ari can
be earned by: 1) a throwing technique that is not
quite an Ippon; 2) holding one contestant in a hold
down for 20-24 seconds (15-19 seconds for under 10s);
or 3) when the opponent violates the rules (Keikoku).
Yuko and Koka are lesser scores and also result from
throws or hold downs (10-14 secs for Koka and 15-19
seconds for Yuko). For Under 10s, Koka results from
5-9 seconds, and Yuko 10-14 seconds. If the time runs
out with neither contestant scoring an Ippon, then the
referee will award the win to the contestant who has
the next highest score. For example a contestant with
one Yuko would win against an opponent who scored 4
Kokas.
Scoreboards
There should be one or two scoreboards to show the
state of play. Because in Judo it is always the highest
quality score that wins, the scoreboard is laid out
left to right to show the scores like a number.
|
BLUE
|
WHITE
|
|
Waza Ari
|
Yuko
|
Koka
|
Waza Ari
|
Yuko
|
Koka
|
|
0
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
Looked at in this way, the score is 031 to 100: white's
single Waza-Ari beats the lesser quality of blue's 3
Yukos and 1 Koka. The Ippon score is not shown on the
scoreboard because there can only be 1 Ippon and scoring
it ends the match.
Referee Calls
The Referee will call the scores and penalties. If
a penalty is scored, the other player is awarded the
equivalent positive score. For example, if white is
penalised with Shido, Blue will be awarded Koka on the
scoreboard; similarly for Chui and Yuko and so on. The
referee may also call Osaekomi (hold down begins): Opponent
is held under control on his or her back and the time
starts. Toketa means that the hold down is broken. He
may also call Matte (stop): Match is stopped temporarily
and the time clock pauses. At the end of the match,
he will call Sore Made, and then indicate the winner.
If scores are even or there is no score, he will call
Hantei and the two judges and referee will simultaneously
indicate the superior player. The winner is decided
by majority vote. The Golden Score is currently being
introduced when instead of seeking a decision at the
end of a match, the scoreboard is cleared and the match
continues until the first score is achieved.
"The main object of Judo lies in this point. It seeks
to augment human strength, morality and intellect by
human means and efforts. It tends to train young people
in the habits and condition conducive to the accomplishment
of great undertakings." --T. Shidachi, April 29, 1892
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